Counties serve as vital administrative divisions in the United States, functioning as the primary geographic and political subdivisions of states. With 3,221 counties and county-equivalents across the nation, these entities play crucial roles in local governance, service delivery, and community organization.

The Role of Counties in American Life

Counties handle essential services including law enforcement through sheriff's departments, property assessment and tax collection, vital records (birth and death certificates), elections administration, and often public health services. In many states, counties also manage schools, libraries, parks, and infrastructure maintenance.

County Diversity Across America

American counties showcase remarkable diversity. Los Angeles County, California, houses over 10 million residents, while Loving County, Texas, is home to just 64 people. San Bernardino County spans 20,105 square miles, larger than the states of New Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware, and Rhode Island combined. Meanwhile, Arlington County, Virginia, covers just 26 square miles.

Historical Evolution

The county system traces its roots to the English shire system, first established in Virginia in 1634. As America expanded westward, counties were created to provide local government in frontier territories. Some counties have been divided, merged, or renamed over the centuries, creating a rich tapestry of local history and identity.